This article provides comprehensive recommendations for optimizing network performance on AWS and hybrid networks, covering fundamental concepts, key performance factors, and best practices.

• Latency, bandwidth, throughput, and jitter are critical network performance metrics
• TCP mechanisms like 3-way handshake and sliding window affect connection establishment and data flow
• EC2 instance selection impacts available bandwidth; network-optimized instances provide highest performance
• Connectivity options include Internet, Site-to-Site VPN, and AWS Direct Connect with varying performance characteristics
• MTU size affects throughput; jumbo frames (9001 bytes) supported but limited on some paths
• Long Fat Networks require TCP Window Scaling to achieve efficient throughput over high-latency links
• CloudFront, Local Zones, Outposts, and Wavelength reduce latency by moving content closer to users
• Modern protocols like TLS 1.3 and HTTP/3 mitigate latency effects
• Asymmetric routing introduces complexity and performance issues; should be avoided

Optimizing AWS network performance requires attention to endpoint resources, connectivity options, packet sizing, latency reduction, and TCP tuning for long-distance, high-bandwidth scenarios.